You are currently viewing Hydrogen Production and Hydrogen Storage Techniques | Hydrogen storage methods | Hydrogen Storage | Department of Energy

Hydrogen Production and Hydrogen Storage Techniques | Hydrogen storage methods | Hydrogen Storage | Department of Energy

Hydrogen is a key fuel that is turning the view of energy consumption towards clean fuels which do not harm the environment and do not release harmful gases to the atmosphere as it produces water and an enormous amount of energy during combustion than any of the fuel. It increases the economy and efficiency of the machines but availability and production technologies are not yet effectively published, vigorous research work is going on to make cheaper, safer production of hydrogen but it all depends on the source and raw material required from which hydrogen can be produced.
Well, let’s say the idea of fossil fuel contains a high concentration of hydrogen but it makes a circle to the starting step of pollution, so the only raw material which is abundant is water this can be used to produce hydrogen but why this is not used for the production of hydrogen, split hydrogen mean again it requires energy.

Hydrogen production techniques:

1. By a method of silicon chip-based microreactor by methanol-reforming.
2. Water splitting by solar energy using a thermochemical cycle or water electrolysis
3. Photoelectrolysis
4. Reforming of natural gas
5. Gasification of coal and biomass
6. The photo-biological method with the high-temperature decompositions.
7. Hydrocarbon reforming
8. Ammonia cracking
9. Pyrolysis
10. Aqueous reforming
11. High-temperature electrolysis
12. Photo-electrolysis (photolysis)
13. Photo-biological production (biophotolysis)

All the above technologies depend on the raw material used for the production of hydrogen, the mostly known feedstocks and process dependents are Algae, Gas, Oil, Wood, Coal, biomass, and Power.

a) Hydrogen from NG

We have three chemical production processes
1. Steam reforming
      CH + H O + heat â†’ CO + 3H
      CO + H2O â†’ CO2 + H2 + heat
2. Partial oxidation
      CH4 + 1 / 2O2 â†’ CO + 2H2 + heat
3. Auto thermal reforming the above two methods is used simultaneously.

b) Hydrogen from Coal

By coal gasification in a fixed bed or fluidized bed gasifier hydrogen can be produced
       C(s) + H2O + heat â†’ CO + H2

c) Hydrogen production from water by splitting

       H2O + electricity â†’ H2 + 1 / 2O

d) Alkaline electrolysis cell

Alkaline electrolysis

        Electrolyte: 4H2O â†” 4H+ + 4OH–
        Cathode: 4 H+ + 4e–↔2H2
        Anode: 4OH– â†” O2 + 2H2O + 4e–
        Sum: 2H2O â†” O2 + 2H2

e) Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis

        Anode: H2O→ 1 / 2O2 + 2 H+ + 2e–
        Cathode: 2H+ + 2e–→ H2

Photosynthesis: 2H2O â†’ 4H+ + 4e– + O2
Hydrogen Production: 4H+ + 4e–→ 2H2

f) High-temperature decomposition

Thermo-chemical water splitting
(850 °C):          H2SO4 â†” SO2 + H2O + 1 / 2
120 °C):           I2 + SO2 + 2H2O â†’ H2SO4 +
(450 °C):         2HI â†’ I2 + H2
SUM:              H2O â†’ H2 + 1 / 2O2

Hydrogen storage in solid form:

  • Using microporous metal-organic materials
  • Carbon nanotubes and graphite nanofibers
  • Platinum and palladium nonporous films
  • Using boron nitride nanotubes

Hydrogen storage in liquid form:

  • Composite tanks
  • Glass microspheres
  • Cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH2)
  • NaBH4 solutions:NaBH4 (l) + 2H2O (l) â†’ 4H2 (g) + NaBO2 (s) (ideal reaction)
  • Rechargeable organic liquids

Related Essay

Aanchal Gupta

Welcome to my website! I'm Aanchal Gupta, an expert in Electrical Technology, and I'm excited to share my knowledge and insights with you. With a strong educational background and practical experience, I aim to provide valuable information and solutions related to the field of electrical engineering. I hold a Bachelor of Engineering (BE) degree in Electrical Engineering, which has equipped me with a solid foundation in the principles and applications of electrical technology. Throughout my academic journey, I focused on developing a deep understanding of various electrical systems, circuits, and power distribution networks.

Leave a Reply